The adaptive artificial-intelligence (AI) medical device industry is a novel industry in the United States offering innovations to the healthcare field. The rapid expansion of this industry in recent years has drawn attention from multiple stakeholders causing a heated debate about how to introduce these innovations into the market while maintaining patient safety and treatment efficacy. Since early 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been releasing statements in regards to the improvement of regulation for this new technology, but has yet to take further actions. Dilemmas including 1) a difficult regulatory process, 2) a heightening financial burden and 3) looming liability issues, are reasons adaptive AI medical devices have struggled to be advanced. By conducting a thorough analysis of these 3 issues, recognizing the intricacies of them separately and together, this study develops a better understanding of the landscape adaptive AI technology is facing and provides a clearer picture for the future of the industry.

Less than half of all premedical applicants get accepted into a medical school, 39.3% of applicants to be precise, and that statistic is based on the number of matriculants out of the total applicants in 2015. With such a discouraging acceptance rate, many students who start out as premed are often not towards the end of their undergraduate career and post-graduation because they do not feel prepared for medical school. It’s difficult for premed students to find all the information they need in one place rather than going from place to place or school website to school website. Additionally, it can be a hassle for premeds to keep track of all their coursework and calculate separate GPAs for each category especially due to how annoying Excel spread sheets can be. This is where the conceptualization of Premed Portfolio comes in. Premed Portfolio is a prototype mobile application. Premed Portfolio aims to streamline the process of preparing for medical school by guiding students to create a portfolio aimed to address the most important aspects of a medical school application. Students will be able to keep track of their cumulative GPA, BCPM (also known as science/math) GPA, MCAT Scores, prerequisite coursework and many more targeted areas of medical school. Premed Portfolio will also hope to use the stats that students provide and educate them on their chances of getting into medical school.

Curtiss-Wright Corporation is a global company that manufactures and provides services for the commercial, industrial, defense, and energy departments. The Curtiss-Wright facility that was the focus of this research is part of the Sensors and Controls Division and focuses on manufacturing and assembling aircraft components. Visual Factory, an electronic work instructions software, was implemented for a trial run for two products on the assembly floor. Data collected from several workstations and operators was analyzed to determine if there were impacts to product quality or changes in assembly completion times when using Visual Factory. After analyzing data from six operators and six workstations, it was found that operators could complete processes in less time than was previously believed. Timing data also helped to create standardized learning curves and improvement percentages for specific workstations and processes. This data allows management and supervisors to more adequately allocate time for training and extrapolate post-training completion times based on initial completion times. Part quality data was less abundant, but there were fewer major issues with part quality when using Visual Factory. Visual Factory also allowed for more in-depth collection of quality issues on specific units. It is recommended that Curtiss-Wright continues with implementation of Visual Factory across the entire assembly floor and all product lines.

This thesis project discusses the transitions of the physician profession and their struggle to maintain autonomy throughout American History until approximately the 1980's. Included in the historical account of the physician profession, is the development of the American Hospital System and its origins working under the physician profession. As history progresses from 1760 on, what comes to light is a cyclical struggle for physicians to remain independent from the corporations, while using them to gain social and economic prestige. This work focuses on how the establishment of private practice in the United States has lead to the current system in place today, illustrating a long fight for control of the medical field that still rages on today. As physicians gained power and autonomy in the medical field during the 20th century, constant attempts of government intervention can be seen within the convoluted history of this professional field. The rise of corporate healthcare, that works in tandem with private physicians, was a critical period in forgotten American History that subsequently allowed physicians to increase their stranglehold on the medical service industry. The goal of this research was to establish a better understanding of American Medicine's history to better tackle the new problems we face today. As America transitions to a period of public health outcry, it is important to establish a somewhat linear rendition of a mostly untold history that directly impacts the lives of every citizen in this country. This work attempts to mend the broken pieces of that history to give light to how healthcare evolved into what it is today.

The avalanche of ongoing bioscience research has resulted in an unprecedented range of opportunities for the creation of new medical diagnostics and therapies. As the potential to develop treatments for the human body expands, the ability to control, modify, and interfere with abstract parts of an individual's self increases. While basic components of the self - such as the mind, consciousness, and personality - can presently only be altered by natural processes and diseases, current and emerging technologies that can cause changes in the self are in development. It is likely that as understanding of the brain and mind increases, scientists and engineers will be develop the ability to alter the mind and consciousness in profound new ways. Such a paradigm shift will be fraught with ethical concerns, and if those concerns are not handled in an appropriate manner, there is significant potential for harm. This potential for causing harm is not without precedent. Genome editing technology is an area of research which deals with an element of the fundamental self. In recent years, advancements in genome editing technology in the form of the CRISPR/Cas9 system have caused alarm and debate within scientific communities concerning the ethicalness of its use and application. Using lessons learned from the ways in which the CRISPR technology has been beneficially used, an ethical framework might be developed in order to guide the development of emerging neurotechnology. Early implementation of a framework such as the one herein proposed could guide research that is already being conducted. There is still time to influence the way that neurological device research is conducted, and it is duty of ethical scientists in this field to understand and correct these problems clearly and quickly so as to prevent harm. An ethical framework that is consistent with current ethical standards and understandings might be created by reviewing the history and development of CRISPR.

At Arizona State University (ASU), there is a perceived lack of interdisciplinary symposiums for student presenters and a lack of understanding about the university's "#1 in Innovation" title awarded by U.S. News & World report. In addition, ASU focuses on advertising innovation in a few select fields, such as astronomy and space exploration. To address these issues, a team of Lincoln Undergraduate Scholars planned an Ethics & Innovation Symposium with the theme of "Defining Our Future" for April 11, 2018. I chose to conduct a post-event analysis of logistics, successes, and failures. This additional evaluation was meant to serve as a measure of the symposium's sustainability for future years. This thesis addresses the methods of event planning (incl. marketing, gathering student presenters, catering, room reservation), results, and analysis of outcomes specifically for the Ethics & Innovation Symposium. Overall, the thesis document will benefit anyone interested in planning some event at the university level. Additional reference documents are included in this report to provide help with creating a general checklist, developing marketing deliverables, and contacting university departments/organizations.

Many developing countries do not have health care systems that can afford technological biomedical devices or supplies to make such devices operational. To fill this void, nonprofit organizations, like Project C.U.R.E., recondition retired biomedical instrumentation so they can send medical supplies to help these developing countries. One of the issues with this is that sometimes the devices are unusable because components or expendable supplies are not available (Bhadelia). This issue has also been shown in the Impact Evaluations that Project C.U.R.E. receives from the clinics that explain the reasons why certain devices are no longer in use. That need underlies the idea on which this honors thesis has come into being. The purpose of this honors project was to create packing lists for biomedical instruments that Project C.U.R.E. recycles. This packing list would decrease the likelihood of important items being forgotten when sending devices. If an extra fuse, battery, light bulb, cuff or transducer is the difference between a functional or a nonfunctional medical device, such a list would be of benefit to Project C.U.R.E and these developing countries. In order to make this packing list, manuals for each device were used to determine what supplies were required, what was necessary for cleaning, and what supplies were desirable but functionally optional. This list was then added into a database that could be easily navigated and could help when packing up boxes for a shipment. The database also makes adding and editing the packing list simple and easy so that as Project C.U.R.E. gets more donated devices the packing list can grow.

Electrical stimulation has previously been effective in neural cells activation within retinas affected by degenerative retinal disease. However current technology has at most allowed blind individuals to perceive light without significant resolution, as implants are limited by the spatial constraints of the eye. Photoreactive nanoparticles may provide a solution to this issue, as their small size would allow for the incorporation of higher numbers of stimulatory elements, thus increasing visual resolution. Semiconductive nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) both exhibit photoreactive properties which may result in sufficient electrical stimulation to activate neural cells in the retina. This study investigated the electrochemistry and photoreactivity of QDs and AuNPs encapsulated within the hydrophobic region of small unilamellar lipid vesicles (SUVs) to evaluate their potential for application in retinal stimulation. Absorbance of the constructs was evaluated on the day of fabrication and 24 hours later to determine the ability of the particles to react to light while encapsulated, as well as to evaluate stability of the construct over time. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was conducted at both time points to determine the electrochemical character of the bilayer and further evaluate construct stability. Although quantum dots may increase the stability of the bilayer over time and improve its capacitative properties, lipid encapsulation appears to obscure the photoreactive properties of the quantum dots. In the case of gold nanoparticles, the construct is initially stabilized but deteriorates more quickly than those SUVs containing quantum dots, as evidenced by an increase in substrate diffusion. Additionally, although these constructs are more photoreactive than those containing QDs, the increase in absorbance is observed primarily in a range below that of the visible spectrum, a feature which is of limited use for the proposed application. Further studies should investigate alternative methods of nanoparticle capping to improve stability and absorbance in this system.

The goal of this project was to create a card game that would quickly and easily allow medical professionals to learn important information. This project seeks to advance ways in which medical staff gain information about disease outbreaks through the creation of a card game which teaches players the proper steps and procedure to triage and treat patients who are suspected to have Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, which was not done properly during the recent outbreak. To create this game, research was conducted on the information given by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on the various steps to triaging those who were suspected of having Ebola. Various prototypes of the game were made and tested to optimize the win-lose ratio while still being an enjoyable game to play. This card game is fast-paced, small, and can be played either individually or with more than one person. It is loosely based off of Solitaire. This game has gone through three prototypes of the cards as well as a few brief testing periods. Through the methods and procedure used in this game's creation, it has been concluded that this method is a great way to easily teach players a proper procedure, and that this method of game can be applied to other disease breakouts and even to other fields where information must be learned quickly. Future steps for this game include improving the graphic art used in the cards, and continuing on to create a smartphone application.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely malignant form of brain cancer characterized by rapid progression and poor patient survival. Even after standard of care treatments, less than ten percent of patients with this disease survive five years. More effective therapeutic options are urgently needed to improve outcomes for patients with GBM. Adequate drug delivery is a critical challenge in GBM treatment, as drugs delivered systemically must be able to penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and reach the tumor at therapeutic levels. To address this, we developed a resource to catalog BBB penetration information for investigational agents currently in clinical trials in cancer. Using an in silico prediction model and manual annotation to capture existing knowledge from the published literature, BBB content for ~500 investigational drugs was added to the investigational database tool. In addition to BBB content, the database also includes information on the gene targets of the included therapies. The investigational database tool was used to identify investigational agents that (1) may have increased activity against GBM based on the presence of a specific mutation in the tumor sample and (2) have evidence suggesting the compounds may penetrate the BBB. By prioritizing investigational agents for further study based on evidence for BBB penetration, this resource can help the GBM research community pursue more effective treatments for GBM.