On the Impacts of Societal Lead Exposure in Childhood on the Incidence and Development of Age-Related Neurological Disorders

Description
This project examines the relationship between population-level childhood lead exposure and the incidence of Alzheimer's later in life, and proposes the creation of a paired study using existing data sources that will mature within the next decade to determine individual-level relationships between childhood lead exposure and Alzheimer's incidence.
Date Created
2024-05
Agent

Assessing the Viability of IPSCs as a Solution to Stem Cell Concerns

Description
Regenerative medicine is a critical medical field in extending and improving the quality of human life. However, many past and current regenerative medicine treatments such as the use of embryonic stem cells have been met with significant backlash due to…

Regenerative medicine is a critical medical field in extending and improving the quality of human life. However, many past and current regenerative medicine treatments such as the use of embryonic stem cells have been met with significant backlash due to ethical and legal concerns. Therefore, IPSCs have the capability of sidestepping these ethical concerns, but require a reformatting of FDA regulations and investment into research targeting the scaling of IPSCs in order for the treatment to reach its full potential.
Date Created
2024-05
Agent

Towards Visualization of Amyloid Deposition using Susceptibility Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Description
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of individuals in the United States alone. Common symptoms of the disease are forgetfulness and memory loss. However, these AD symptoms typically appear later in life despite potential early…

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of individuals in the United States alone. Common symptoms of the disease are forgetfulness and memory loss. However, these AD symptoms typically appear later in life despite potential early and hidden biological changes in the brain. This preclinical stage can began years before the onset of the typical symptoms of AD marking the need for earlier detection methods for developing therapies to slow symptom progression. Here, I have developed an initial susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) method, a subset of magnetic resonance imaging, for the purpose of longitudinal study of AD.
Date Created
2024-05
Agent

Effects of Parkinson’s Disease and a Secondary Cognitive Task on Reactive Balance

Description

Patients with Parkinson's disease have been seen to be prone to falling. Balance problems and postural instability have been seen to affect their quality of life. This project aims to understand the relationship between the presence of cognitive loads and…

Patients with Parkinson's disease have been seen to be prone to falling. Balance problems and postural instability have been seen to affect their quality of life. This project aims to understand the relationship between the presence of cognitive loads and reactive stepping performance in Parkinson’s patients. Additionally, it also tests the feasibility of the experimental framework to evaluate reactive stepping performance. This experiment tested Parkinson’s patients performing tasks of varying difficulty levels while having to regain their balance. Acceleration perturbations on a treadmill were used to elicit an intrinsic response in the subjects. This compared gait parameters of the subjects that performed single and dual tasks. The results showed that the presence of a cognitive task had a negative effect on the reactive stepping performance, specifically on the margin of stability and step length. Additionally, there was no effect of changing the difficulty level of the task on reactive stepping performance.

Date Created
2024-05
Agent

The Effect of Perturbation-Based Training on the Balance of Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Description
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurological disease that affects millions of individuals across the world. There is no current cure for the disease, so much of the patient treatment is focused on management of the disease. One of the…

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurological disease that affects millions of individuals across the world. There is no current cure for the disease, so much of the patient treatment is focused on management of the disease. One of the potential effects of having MS is having a decrease in balance which leads to a greater risk in sustaining a fall. It has been found in previous studies that MS patients have slower reaction times compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, electromyography (EMG) is an effective way to measure a subject's reaction to a perturbation. This study aims to see if MS subjects can improve their reaction times through a series of perturbation-based training visits. 18 MS patients and 11 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Each subject went through two baseline visits, six training visits, and two post-assessment visits. During each visit, subjects went through a series of forward and backward perturbations from a stand to react position administered by a dual-belt perturbation treadmill. The subjects' reaction times were measured by taking the difference between the onset of the treadmill movement and the onset of the muscle activation. This muscle activation was measured by placing EMG sensors on the tibialis anterior muscle and medial gastrocnemius muscle on each leg. After running a repeated measures ANOVA test, it was found that there were no significant differences in the reaction times between MS participants and healthy controls. However, the overall trend in the data was promising, as MS patients did improve their performance in backward-stepping slightly. Adding more participants to the study could strengthen this trend. It was also found that males across both groups significantly improved their reaction times compared to females. However, it is unknown why this occurred. Future goals would be to add more participants to the study and follow-up with MS patients to see if they have a decrease in falls post-training.
Date Created
2024-05
Agent

Dexterous manipulation: Differential sensitivity of manipulation and grasp forces to task requirements.

Description
How humans coordinate digit forces to perform dexterous manipulation is not well understood. This gap is due to the use of tasks devoid of dexterity requirements and/or the use of analytical techniques that cannot isolate the roles that digit forces…

How humans coordinate digit forces to perform dexterous manipulation is not well understood. This gap is due to the use of tasks devoid of dexterity requirements and/or the use of analytical techniques that cannot isolate the roles that digit forces play in preventing object slip and controlling object position and orientation (pose). In our recent work, we used a dexterous manipulation task and decomposed digit forces into FG, the internal force that prevents object slip, and FM, the force responsible for object pose control. Unlike FG, FM was modulated from object lift onset to hold, suggesting their different sensitivity to sensory feedback acquired during object lift. However, the extent to which FG and FM can be controlled independently remains to be determined. To address this gap, we systematically changed either object mass or external torque. The FM normal component responsible for object orientation control was modulated to changes in object torque but not mass. In contrast, FG was distinctly modulated to changes in object mass and torque. These findings point to a differential sensitivity of FG and FM to task requirements and provide novel insights into the neural control of dexterous manipulation. Importantly, our results indicate that the proposed digit force decomposition has the potential to capture important differences in how sensory inputs are processed and integrated to simultaneously ensure grasp stability and dexterous object pose control.
Date Created
2024-05
Agent

Injecting A Cure For Migraine: Minimally Invasive Injection Tool For Wireless Implantable Neurostimulator

Description

For the last two decades, a consistent statistic in the United States is that one out of every six people report experiencing at least one migraine every three months. The Neural Microsystems Laboratory at Arizona State University has developed a…

For the last two decades, a consistent statistic in the United States is that one out of every six people report experiencing at least one migraine every three months. The Neural Microsystems Laboratory at Arizona State University has developed a wireless implantable neurostimulator (WINS), which they believe can be used to treat these widespread, episodic attacks. This device is about the size of a grain of rice and contains micro circuitry that generates an electric current when exposed to ultrasound. One problem facing the lab is that there is no process to place the WINS inside of the human body. For this Honors Thesis/Creative Project, I invented a tool that can be used to inject the WINS into the body, while addressing key issues of positioning, repositioning, and orientation. After testing was conducted on an artificial skin model and imaged with an optical microscope, the implantation tool proved to be successful. The tool made it easy to inject the WINS perpendicular to an artificial occipital nerve for every trial of the testing, also maintaining a proper alignment of the device so that it could receive maximum exposure to external ultrasound. Successful testing of this prototype shows that it is ready to be redesigned for mass production so that it can deliver the WINS to as many victims of migraine attacks as possible.

Date Created
2024-05
Agent

Exploring Fatigue Levels Resulting from Extended Use of Exoskeletal Boots

Description
This thesis investigates the impact of extended use of exoskeletal boots on fatigue levels during physical activity. The study examines the effects of exoskeletal boots on physiological responses, including heart rate, R-R intervals, VO2 levels, and walking durations, compared to…

This thesis investigates the impact of extended use of exoskeletal boots on fatigue levels during physical activity. The study examines the effects of exoskeletal boots on physiological responses, including heart rate, R-R intervals, VO2 levels, and walking durations, compared to conditions without the boots. Participants underwent walking tasks while wearing the boots and performed physiological assessments. Results indicate that exoskeletal boots may mitigate fatigue and enhance endurance, as evidenced by longer walking durations and potentially reduced metabolic demand compared to conditions without the boots. Furthermore, analysis of heart rate and R-R interval data suggests modulation of autonomic nervous system activity with the use of exoskeletal boots. These findings offer insights into the potential benefits of exoskeletal boots in reducing fatigue and improving performance during prolonged physical activity, with implications for various domains including sports, rehabilitation, and military applications. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the utilization of exoskeletal boots for enhancing human performance and well-being.
Date Created
2024-05
Agent
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