Research on the Relationship between Enterprise Attributes and ESOP

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Description
In current international environment, the important goal of improving China industry is to strengthen the independence of the industrial chain. Sci-tech innovation enterprises are the main carrier. They are also the service objects of the Sci-Tech innovation board (“SSE STAR

In current international environment, the important goal of improving China industry is to strengthen the independence of the industrial chain. Sci-tech innovation enterprises are the main carrier. They are also the service objects of the Sci-Tech innovation board (“SSE STAR MARKET”).Some sci-tech innovation enterprises are “capital intensive”, some are “technology intensive”, and the others are both. “Capital intensive” enterprises are controlled by the capital side, “technology intensive” enterprises are controlled by core technical team. The importance of “capital” and “technology” should be reflected in the shareholding ratio, which will impact on corporate governance. This paper aim to find out the relationship between team ownership and enterprise attributes. Team shareholding ratio uses ESOP as indicator (ESOP includes core management shareholding and Employee Stock Ownership Plans), and enterprise attributes are quantified by heavy asset ratio, R&D input, company counterbalance system, and institutional investors shareholding ratio. The research object is the listed companies on the SSE STAR MARKET as of June 30, 2023. Datas range from 2019 to 2023. According to the regression result, it is found that: at first, the heavy asset ratio is negatively correlated with ESOP. The higher heavy asset ratio is. the lower ESOP shareholding ratio the enterprises have. Secondly, company counterbalance system is negatively correlated with ESOP. The higer shareholding ratio of 2-5 major shareholders is, the lower ESOP shareholding ratio the enterprises have. Thirdly, there is no significant influence between institutional investors shareholding ratio and ESOP. Fourthly, there is no significant influence between R&D input and ESOP. But along with heavy asset ratio, there has a significant positive correlation with ESOP. That is, R&D input does not affect ESOP alone, it needs to be combined with heavy asset ratio. Fifthly, the results of sub-industry regression are different from the whole. This paper hopes the study can be further extended to the operation of other sci-tech innovative enterprises, and provide an effective way to build a stable corporate governance structure for those enterprises.
Date Created
2024
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Mindfulness Meditation in Healthy Aging Adults and Alzheimer's Disease Patients 65+ Year-Olds

Description
Mindfulness meditation is a form of mental training that helps in managing thoughts and guiding individuals to redirect them to be more positive. In the past years, its popularity has grown immensely. Its main appeal is the broad and versatile

Mindfulness meditation is a form of mental training that helps in managing thoughts and guiding individuals to redirect them to be more positive. In the past years, its popularity has grown immensely. Its main appeal is the broad and versatile ways it can be used especially in a healthcare setting. For instance, research on Alzheimer’s disease and dementia has recently been focused on whether chronic stress has a role in inducing these diseases. Since Alzheimer’s disease has no treatment at this point in time, incorporating mindfulness meditation into Alzheimer’s patients’ care/treatment may have a drastic effect on their quality of life by reducing stress. Ideally, practicing mindfulness meditation at a young age would help reduce the probability of chronic stress causing Alzheimer’s disease. However, many people who have already been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease do not have that option. The goal of this research is to find at what stage would the implementation of meditation best help to reduce current symptoms and slow the development of current symptoms and development of Alzheimer’s disease in already diagnosed patients.
Date Created
2024-05
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Mindfulness-Based Interventions and their Effects on Executive Function in Patients Diagnosed with ADHD: a Narrative Review

Description
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a growing problem today, with diagnoses rising as it negatively affects academic performance, employment opportunities, self-perception, and relationship quality. Treatments have remained fairly similar over the last decade, despite proven side effects and, for some

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a growing problem today, with diagnoses rising as it negatively affects academic performance, employment opportunities, self-perception, and relationship quality. Treatments have remained fairly similar over the last decade, despite proven side effects and, for some treatments, small effect size. The aim of this review is to determine if Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) can complement these treatments by targeting executive function(s) directly. To do this, this review analyzes data from 17 papers about the effectiveness of MBIs. Results support the effectiveness of MBIs in the treatment of ADHD; however, various limitations within the design of both this study and research on MBIs in general limit the validity of this conclusion. To remedy this, this paper suggests changes to methods and future avenues of research on MBIs for ADHD.
Date Created
2024-05
Agent

The Efficacy of Atypical Antipsychotics on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia

Description

Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to identify if one atypical antipsychotic (risperidone, aripiprazole, olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine) is more effective in treating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The secondary aim is to identify a difference in dosage

Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to identify if one atypical antipsychotic (risperidone, aripiprazole, olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine) is more effective in treating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The secondary aim is to identify a difference in dosage between the atypical antipsychotics when used to treat BPSD. Methods: Articles regarding atypical antipsychotics and BPSD were located on the Arizona State University Library website and Google Scholar. A total of 13 studies were included in analyses. The mean difference of the measurement of BPSD from baseline to end of study were extracted from the studies, converted to z-scores using standard error, and the average was found for each medication and placebo groups. Data on dosage was also collected and the total mg of medication for an average participant was calculated based on type of medication. Two ANOVAs were conducted: one to identify a significant difference between the average effect of each medication on BPSD and another to identify a significant difference between the level of dosage given on average for each medication. Results: These analyses indicated that there was no significant difference between individual atypical antipsychotics or placebo (F(5,19) = 0.254, p = 0.932). There was a significant difference in level of dosage with quetiapine having a significantly higher dosage on average than every other medication (F(4,12) = 18.49, p = 0.0000456). Conclusions: There is a lack of evidence that supports the use of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of BPSD, however, future research that focuses on lower doses of these medications and interactions with psychotherapy may prove beneficial.

Date Created
2023-05
Agent