Examining the Association between Ethnic Discrimination and Infant Mortality in Low and Middle Income Countries

Existing research has shown that both ethnic discrimination and household wealth can shape child well-being and development. However, little work examines ethnic discrimination and its relation to income in predicting childhood health globally. This study explores two possible explanations for disparities in infant mortality between ethnic groups across countries worldwide. The first is an explanation based on wealth differentials across ethnic groups. The second is the impact of forms of ethnic discrimination such as past lethal violence or forced labor experienced by the group. This study examines the correlation between ethnic discrimination and infant mortality using household wealth as a covariate. Analyses focused on 266 ethnicities in 40 low- and middle-income countries globally, drawing on infant mortality data from Demographic and Health Surveys and data on ethnic discrimination compiled by the Inclusive Human Learning Lab at Arizona State University. Findings without the inclusion of household wealth show that ethnic groups that predominantly spoke the state language had significantly lower rates of infant mortality. However, this trend disappears when income is added as a covariate. No other measures of discrimination or privilege were associated with infant mortality. Across all analyses, the wealth of the ethnic group was a significant predictor of infant mortality. Future studies should examine whether these trends persist in high-income countries, and whether the general lack of association of discrimination and privilege variables with infant mortality is influenced by how the variables were coded.